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## Package org.archive.util.ms

Memory-efficient reading of .doc files.

See:
Description

Interface Summary
BlockFileSystem | Describes the internal file system contained in .doc files.
Entry |

Class Summary
BlockInputStream | InputStream for a file contained in a BlockFileSystem.
Cp1252 | A fast implementation of code page 1252.
DefaultBlockFileSystem | Default implementation of the Block File System.
DefaultEntry |
Doc | Reads .doc files.
HeaderBlock |
Piece |
PieceReader |
PieceTable | The piece table of a .doc file.

Enum Summary
Entry.EntryType |

## Package org.archive.util.ms Description

Memory-efficient reading of .doc files. To extract the text from a .doc file, use `Doc.getText(SeekInputStream)`. That's basically the whole API. The other classes are necessary to make that method work, and you can probably ignore them.

## Implementation/Format Details

These APIs differ from the POI API provided by Apache in that POI wants to load complete documents into memory. Though POI does provide an "event-driven" API that is memory efficient, that API cannot be used to scan text across block or piece boundaries.

This package provides a stream-based API for extracting the text of a .doc file. At this time, the package does not provide a way to extract style attributes, embedded images, subdocuments, change tracking information, and so on.

There are two layers of abstraction between the contents of a .doc file and reality. The first layer is the Block File System, and the second layer is the piece table.

### The Block File System

All .doc files are secretly file systems, like a .iso file, but insane. A good overview of how this file system is arranged inside the file is available at the Jarkarta POIFS system.

Subfiles and directories in a block file system are represented via the `Entry` interface. The root directory can be obtained via the `BlockFileSystem.getRoot()` method. From there, the child entries can be discovered.

The file system divides its subfiles into 512-byte blocks. Those blocks are not necessarily stored in a linear order; blocks from different subfiles may be interspersed with each other. The `Entry.open()` method returns an input stream that provides a continuous view of a subfile's contents. It does so by moving the file pointer of the .doc file behind the scenes.

It's important to keep in mind that any given read on a stream produced by a BlockFileSystem may involve:

1. Moving the file pointer to the start of the file to look up the main block allocation table.
2. Navigation the file pointer through various allocation structures located throughout the file.
3. Finally repositioning the file pointer at the start of the next block to be read.

So, this package lowers memory consumption at the expense of greater IO activity. A future version of this package will use internal caches to minimize IO activity, providing tunable trade-offs between memory and IO.

### The Piece Table

The second layer of abstraction between you and the contents of a .doc file is the piece table. Some .doc files are produced using a "fast-save" feature that only writes recent changes to the end of the file. In this case, the text of the document may be fragmented within the document stream itself. Note that this fragmentation is in addition to the block fragmentation described above.

A .doc file contains several subfiles within its filesystem. The two that are important for extracting text are named `WordDocument` and `0Table`. The `WordDocument` subfile contains the text of the document. The `0Table` subfile contains supporting information, including the piece table.

The piece table is a simple map from logical character position to actual subfile stream position. Additionally, each piece table entry describes whether or not the piece stores text using 16-bit Unicode, or using 8-bit ANSI codes. One .doc file can contain both Unicode and ANSI text. A consequence of this is that every .doc file has a piece table, even those that were not "fast-saved".

The reader returned by `org.achive.util.ms.Doc#getText(SeekInputStream)` consults the piece table to determine where in the WordDocument subfile the next piece of text is located. It also uses the piece table to determine how bytes should be converted to Unicode characters.

Note, however, that any read from such a reader may involve:

1. Moving the file pointer to the piece table.
2. Searching the piece table index for the next piece, which may involve moving the file pointer many times.
3. Moving the file pointer to that piece's description in the piece table.
4. Moving the file pointer to the start of the piece indicated by the description.

Since the "file pointer" in this context is the file pointer of the subfile, each move described above may additionally involve:

1. Moving the file pointer to the piece table.
2. Searching the piece table index for the next piece, which may involve moving the file pointer many times.
3. Moving the file pointer to that piece's description in the piece table.
4. Moving the file pointer to the start of the piece indicated by the description.

A future implementation will provide an intelligent cache of the piece table, which will hopefully reduce the IO activity required.

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