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/*
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* Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
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*
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* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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* You may obtain a copy of the License at
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*
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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*
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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* limitations under the License.
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*/
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package com.example.android.cardemulation;
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import android.nfc.cardemulation.HostApduService;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import com.example.android.common.logger.Log;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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/**
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* This is a sample APDU Service which demonstrates how to interface with the card emulation support
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* added in Android 4.4, KitKat.
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*
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* <p>This sample replies to any requests sent with the string "Hello World". In real-world
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* situations, you would need to modify this code to implement your desired communication
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* protocol.
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*
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* <p>This sample will be invoked for any terminals selecting AIDs of 0xF11111111, 0xF22222222, or
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* 0xF33333333. See src/main/res/xml/aid_list.xml for more details.
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*
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* <p class="note">Note: This is a low-level interface. Unlike the NdefMessage many developers
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* are familiar with for implementing Android Beam in apps, card emulation only provides a
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* byte-array based communication channel. It is left to developers to implement higher level
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* protocol support as needed.
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*/
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public class CardService extends HostApduService {
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private static final String TAG = "CardService";
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// AID for our loyalty card service.
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private static final String SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID = "F222222222";
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// ISO-DEP command HEADER for selecting an AID.
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// Format: [Class | Instruction | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2]
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private static final String SELECT_APDU_HEADER = "00A40400";
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// "OK" status word sent in response to SELECT AID command (0x9000)
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private static final byte[] SELECT_OK_SW = HexStringToByteArray("9000");
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// "UNKNOWN" status word sent in response to invalid APDU command (0x0000)
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private static final byte[] UNKNOWN_CMD_SW = HexStringToByteArray("0000");
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private static final byte[] SELECT_APDU = BuildSelectApdu(SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID);
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/**
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* Called if the connection to the NFC card is lost, in order to let the application know the
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* cause for the disconnection (either a lost link, or another AID being selected by the
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* reader).
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*
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* @param reason Either DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS or DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED
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*/
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@Override
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public void onDeactivated(int reason) { }
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/**
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* This method will be called when a command APDU has been received from a remote device. A
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* response APDU can be provided directly by returning a byte-array in this method. In general
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* response APDUs must be sent as quickly as possible, given the fact that the user is likely
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* holding his device over an NFC reader when this method is called.
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*
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* <p class="note">If there are multiple services that have registered for the same AIDs in
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* their meta-data entry, you will only get called if the user has explicitly selected your
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* service, either as a default or just for the next tap.
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*
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* <p class="note">This method is running on the main thread of your application. If you
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* cannot return a response APDU immediately, return null and use the {@link
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* #sendResponseApdu(byte[])} method later.
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*
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* @param commandApdu The APDU that received from the remote device
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* @param extras A bundle containing extra data. May be null.
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* @return a byte-array containing the response APDU, or null if no response APDU can be sent
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* at this point.
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*/
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@Override
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public byte[] processCommandApdu(byte[] commandApdu, Bundle extras) {
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Log.i(TAG, "Received APDU: " + ByteArrayToHexString(commandApdu));
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// If the APDU matches the SELECT AID command for this service,
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// send the loyalty card account number, followed by a SELECT_OK status trailer (0x9000).
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if (Arrays.equals(SELECT_APDU, commandApdu)) {
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String account = AccountStorage.GetAccount(this);
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byte[] accountBytes = account.getBytes();
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Log.i(TAG, "Sending account number: " + account);
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return ConcatArrays(accountBytes, SELECT_OK_SW);
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} else {
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return UNKNOWN_CMD_SW;
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}
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}
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/**
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* Build APDU for SELECT AID command. This command indicates which service a reader is
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* interested in communicating with. See ISO 7816-4.
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*
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* @param aid Application ID (AID) to select
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* @return APDU for SELECT AID command
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*/
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public static byte[] BuildSelectApdu(String aid) {
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// Format: [CLASS | INSTRUCTION | PARAMETER 1 | PARAMETER 2 | LENGTH | DATA]
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return HexStringToByteArray(SELECT_APDU_HEADER + String.format("%02X",
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aid.length() / 2) + aid);
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}
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/**
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* Utility method to convert a byte array to a hexadecimal string.
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*
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* @param bytes Bytes to convert
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* @return String, containing hexadecimal representation.
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*/
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public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
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final char[] hexArray = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
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char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2]; // Each byte has two hex characters (nibbles)
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int v;
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for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
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v = bytes[j] & 0xFF; // Cast bytes[j] to int, treating as unsigned value
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hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4]; // Select hex character from upper nibble
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hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F]; // Select hex character from lower nibble
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}
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return new String(hexChars);
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}
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/**
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* Utility method to convert a hexadecimal string to a byte string.
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*
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* <p>Behavior with input strings containing non-hexadecimal characters is undefined.
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*
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* @param s String containing hexadecimal characters to convert
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* @return Byte array generated from input
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* @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if input length is incorrect
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*/
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public static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(String s) throws IllegalArgumentException {
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int len = s.length();
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if (len % 2 == 1) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hex string must have even number of characters");
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}
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byte[] data = new byte[len / 2]; // Allocate 1 byte per 2 hex characters
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for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
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// Convert each character into a integer (base-16), then bit-shift into place
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data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
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+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
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}
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return data;
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}
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/**
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* Utility method to concatenate two byte arrays.
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* @param first First array
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* @param rest Any remaining arrays
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* @return Concatenated copy of input arrays
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*/
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public static byte[] ConcatArrays(byte[] first, byte[]... rest) {
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int totalLength = first.length;
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for (byte[] array : rest) {
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totalLength += array.length;
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}
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byte[] result = Arrays.copyOf(first, totalLength);
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int offset = first.length;
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for (byte[] array : rest) {
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System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, offset, array.length);
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offset += array.length;
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}
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return result;
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}
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}