Classes

public abstract class

HostApduService

extends Service

java.lang.Object
↳	android.content.Context
	↳	android.content.ContextWrapper
		↳	android.app.Service
			↳	android.nfc.cardemulation.HostApduService

Class Overview

HostApduService is a convenience Service class that can be extended to emulate an NFC card inside an Android service component.

Developer Guide

For a general introduction into the topic of card emulation, please read the NFC card emulation developer guide.

NFC Protocols

Cards emulated by this class are based on the NFC-Forum ISO-DEP protocol (based on ISO/IEC 14443-4) and support processing command Application Protocol Data Units (APDUs) as defined in the ISO/IEC 7816-4 specification.

Service selection

When a remote NFC device wants to talk to your service, it sends a so-called "SELECT AID" APDU as defined in the ISO/IEC 7816-4 specification. The AID is an application identifier defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4.

The registration procedure for AIDs is defined in the ISO/IEC 7816-5 specification. If you don't want to register an AID, you are free to use AIDs in the proprietary range: bits 8-5 of the first byte must each be set to '1'. For example, "0xF00102030405" is a proprietary AID. If you do use proprietary AIDs, it is recommended to choose an AID of at least 6 bytes, to reduce the risk of collisions with other applications that might be using proprietary AIDs as well.

AID groups

In some cases, a service may need to register multiple AIDs to implement a certain application, and it needs to be sure that it is the default handler for all of these AIDs (as opposed to some AIDs in the group going to another service).

An AID group is a list of AIDs that should be considered as belonging together by the OS. For all AIDs in an AID group, the OS will guarantee one of the following:

All AIDs in the group are routed to this service
No AIDs in the group are routed to this service

In other words, there is no in-between state, where some AIDs in the group can be routed to this service, and some to another.

AID groups and categories

Each AID group can be associated with a category. This allows the Android OS to classify services, and it allows the user to set defaults at the category level instead of the AID level.

You can use isDefaultServiceForCategory(android.content.ComponentName, String) to determine if your service is the default handler for a category.

In this version of the platform, the only known categories are CATEGORY_PAYMENT and CATEGORY_OTHER . AID groups without a category, or with a category that is not recognized by the current platform version, will automatically be grouped into the CATEGORY_OTHER category.

Service AID registration

To tell the platform which AIDs groups are requested by this service, a SERVICE_META_DATA entry must be included in the declaration of the service. An example of a HostApduService manifest declaration is shown below:

       <service android:name=".MyHostApduService" android:exported="true" android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NFC_SERVICE">
     <intent-filter>
         <action android:name="android.nfc.cardemulation.action.HOST_APDU_SERVICE"/>
     </intent-filter>
     <meta-data android:name="android.nfc.cardemulation.host_apdu_ervice" android:resource="@xml/apduservice"/>
 </service>

This meta-data tag points to an apduservice.xml file. An example of this file with a single AID group declaration is shown below:

       <host-apdu-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
           android:description="@string/servicedesc" android:requireDeviceUnlock="false">
       <aid-group android:description="@string/aiddescription" android:category="other">
           <aid-filter android:name="F0010203040506"/>
           <aid-filter android:name="F0394148148100"/>
       </aid-group>
 </host-apdu-service>

The <host-apdu-service> is required to contain a <android:description> attribute that contains a user-friendly description of the service that may be shown in UI. The <requireDeviceUnlock> attribute can be used to specify that the device must be unlocked before this service can be invoked to handle APDUs.

The <host-apdu-service> must contain one or more <aid-group> tags. Each <aid-group> must contain one or more <aid-filter> tags, each of which contains a single AID. The AID must be specified in hexadecimal format, and contain an even number of characters.

AID conflict resolution

Multiple HostApduServices may be installed on a single device, and the same AID can be registered by more than one service. The Android platform resolves AID conflicts depending on which category an AID belongs to. Each category may have a different conflict resolution policy. For example, for some categories the user may be able to select a default service in the Android settings UI. For other categories, to policy may be to always ask the user which service is to be invoked in case of conflict. To query the conflict resolution policy for a certain category, see


       
        getSelectionModeForCategory(String)

Data exchange

Once the platform has resolved a "SELECT AID" command APDU to a specific service component, the "SELECT AID" command APDU and all subsequent command APDUs will be sent to that service through processCommandApdu(byte[], Bundle) , until either:

The NFC link is broken
A "SELECT AID" APDU is received which resolves to another service

These two scenarios are indicated by a call to


       
        onDeactivated(int)

Use of this class requires the FEATURE_NFC_HOST_CARD_EMULATION to be present on the device.

Summary

Constants
int	DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED	Reason for `onDeactivated(int)` .
int	DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS	Reason for `onDeactivated(int)` .
String	SERVICE_INTERFACE	The `Intent` action that must be declared as handled by the service.
String	SERVICE_META_DATA	The name of the meta-data element that contains more information about this service.

[Expand]

Inherited Constants

From class android.app.Service

From class android.content.Context

From interface android.content.ComponentCallbacks2

int	TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process has gone on to the LRU list.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process is nearing the end of the background LRU list, and if more memory isn't found soon it will be killed.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process is around the middle of the background LRU list; freeing memory can help the system keep other processes running later in the list for better overall performance.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process is not an expendable background process, but the device is running extremely low on memory and is about to not be able to keep any background processes running.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_LOW	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process is not an expendable background process, but the device is running low on memory.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_MODERATE	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process is not an expendable background process, but the device is running moderately low on memory.
int	TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN	Level for `onTrimMemory(int)` : the process had been showing a user interface, and is no longer doing so.

Public Constructors
	HostApduService ()

Public Methods
final void	notifyUnhandled () Calling this method allows the service to tell the OS that it won't be able to complete this transaction - for example, because it requires data connectivity that is not present at that moment.
final IBinder	onBind ( Intent intent) Return the communication channel to the service.
abstract void	onDeactivated (int reason) This method will be called in two possible scenarios: The NFC link has been deactivated or lost A different AID has been selected and was resolved to a different service component
abstract byte[]	processCommandApdu (byte[] commandApdu, Bundle extras) This method will be called when a command APDU has been received from a remote device.
final void	sendResponseApdu (byte[] responseApdu) Sends a response APDU back to the remote device.

[Expand]

Inherited Methods

From class android.app.Service

void	dump ( FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) Print the Service's state into the given stream.
final Application	getApplication () Return the application that owns this service.
abstract IBinder	onBind ( Intent intent) Return the communication channel to the service.
void	onConfigurationChanged ( Configuration newConfig) Called by the system when the device configuration changes while your component is running.
void	onCreate () Called by the system when the service is first created.
void	onDestroy () Called by the system to notify a Service that it is no longer used and is being removed.
void	onLowMemory () This is called when the overall system is running low on memory, and actively running processes should trim their memory usage.
void	onRebind ( Intent intent) Called when new clients have connected to the service, after it had previously been notified that all had disconnected in its `onUnbind(Intent)` .
void	onStart ( Intent intent, int startId) This method was deprecated in API level 5. Implement `onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)` instead.
int	onStartCommand ( Intent intent, int flags, int startId) Called by the system every time a client explicitly starts the service by calling `startService(Intent)` , providing the arguments it supplied and a unique integer token representing the start request.
void	onTaskRemoved ( Intent rootIntent) This is called if the service is currently running and the user has removed a task that comes from the service's application.
void	onTrimMemory (int level) Called when the operating system has determined that it is a good time for a process to trim unneeded memory from its process.
boolean	onUnbind ( Intent intent) Called when all clients have disconnected from a particular interface published by the service.
final void	startForeground (int id, Notification notification) Make this service run in the foreground, supplying the ongoing notification to be shown to the user while in this state.
final void	stopForeground (boolean removeNotification) Remove this service from foreground state, allowing it to be killed if more memory is needed.
final void	stopSelf () Stop the service, if it was previously started.
final void	stopSelf (int startId) Old version of `stopSelfResult(int)` that doesn't return a result.
final boolean	stopSelfResult (int startId) Stop the service if the most recent time it was started was `startId` .

From class android.content.ContextWrapper

From class android.content.Context

From class java.lang.Object

Object	clone () Creates and returns a copy of this `Object` .
boolean	equals ( Object o) Compares this instance with the specified object and indicates if they are equal.
void	finalize () Invoked when the garbage collector has detected that this instance is no longer reachable.
final Class <?>	getClass () Returns the unique instance of `Class` that represents this object's class.
int	hashCode () Returns an integer hash code for this object.
final void	notify () Causes a thread which is waiting on this object's monitor (by means of calling one of the `wait()` methods) to be woken up.
final void	notifyAll () Causes all threads which are waiting on this object's monitor (by means of calling one of the `wait()` methods) to be woken up.
String	toString () Returns a string containing a concise, human-readable description of this object.
final void	wait () Causes the calling thread to wait until another thread calls the `notify()` or `notifyAll()` method of this object.
final void	wait (long millis, int nanos) Causes the calling thread to wait until another thread calls the `notify()` or `notifyAll()` method of this object or until the specified timeout expires.
final void	wait (long millis) Causes the calling thread to wait until another thread calls the `notify()` or `notifyAll()` method of this object or until the specified timeout expires.

From interface android.content.ComponentCallbacks

From interface android.content.ComponentCallbacks2

Constants

public static final int DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED

Added in API level 19

Reason for onDeactivated(int) .

Indicates deactivation was due to a different AID being selected (which implicitly deselects the AID currently active on the logical channel).

Note that this next AID may still be resolved to this service, in which case processCommandApdu(byte[], Bundle) will be called again.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS

Added in API level 19

Reason for onDeactivated(int) . Indicates deactivation was due to the NFC link being lost.

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

public static final String SERVICE_INTERFACE

Added in API level 19

The Intent action that must be declared as handled by the service.

Constant Value: "android.nfc.cardemulation.action.HOST_APDU_SERVICE"

public static final String SERVICE_META_DATA

Added in API level 19

The name of the meta-data element that contains more information about this service.

Constant Value: "android.nfc.cardemulation.host_apdu_service"

Public Constructors

public HostApduService ()

Added in API level 19

Public Methods

public final void notifyUnhandled ()

Added in API level 19

Calling this method allows the service to tell the OS that it won't be able to complete this transaction - for example, because it requires data connectivity that is not present at that moment. The OS may use this indication to give the user a list of alternative applications that can handle the last AID that was selected. If the user would select an application from the list, that action by itself will not cause the default to be changed; the selected application will be invoked for the next tap only. If there are no other applications that can handle this transaction, the OS will show an error dialog indicating your service could not complete the transaction.

Note: this method may be called anywhere between the first processCommandApdu(byte[], Bundle) call and a onDeactivated(int) call.

public final IBinder onBind ( Intent intent)

Added in API level 19

Return the communication channel to the service. May return null if clients can not bind to the service. The returned IBinder is usually for a complex interface that has been described using aidl .

Note that unlike other application components, calls on to the IBinder interface returned here may not happen on the main thread of the process . More information about the main thread can be found in Processes and Threads .

Parameters

intent	The Intent that was used to bind to this service, as given to `Context.bindService` . Note that any extras that were included with the Intent at that point will not be seen here.

Returns

Return an IBinder through which clients can call on to the service.

public abstract void onDeactivated (int reason)

Added in API level 19

This method will be called in two possible scenarios:

The NFC link has been deactivated or lost

A different AID has been selected and was resolved to a different service component

Parameters

reason	Either `DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS` or `DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED`

public abstract byte[] processCommandApdu (byte[] commandApdu, Bundle extras)

Added in API level 19

This method will be called when a command APDU has been received from a remote device. A response APDU can be provided directly by returning a byte-array in this method. Note that in general response APDUs must be sent as quickly as possible, given the fact that the user is likely holding his device over an NFC reader when this method is called.

If there are multiple services that have registered for the same AIDs in their meta-data entry, you will only get called if the user has explicitly selected your service, either as a default or just for the next tap.

This method is running on the main thread of your application. If you cannot return a response APDU immediately, return null and use the sendResponseApdu(byte[]) method later.

Parameters

commandApdu	The APDU that was received from the remote device
extras	A bundle containing extra data. May be null.

Returns

a byte-array containing the response APDU, or null if no response APDU can be sent at this point.

public final void sendResponseApdu (byte[] responseApdu)

Added in API level 19

Sends a response APDU back to the remote device.

Note: this method may be called from any thread and will not block.

Parameters

responseApdu	A byte-array containing the reponse APDU.

Results

Classes

HostApduService

Class Overview

Developer Guide

NFC Protocols

Service selection

AID groups

AID groups and categories

Service AID registration

AID conflict resolution

Data exchange

Summary

Constants

public static final int DEACTIVATION_DESELECTED

public static final int DEACTIVATION_LINK_LOSS

public static final String SERVICE_INTERFACE

public static final String SERVICE_META_DATA

Public Constructors

public HostApduService ()

Public Methods

public final void notifyUnhandled ()

public final IBinder onBind ( Intent intent)

Parameters

Returns

public abstract void onDeactivated (int reason)

Parameters

public abstract byte[] processCommandApdu (byte[] commandApdu, Bundle extras)

Parameters

Returns

public final void sendResponseApdu (byte[] responseApdu)

Parameters